Randolph Township is located in Morris County, NJ - about 35 miles west of New York City. The community has a total area of 21.1 square miles and has approximately 9,000 housing units. The community is situated in the Highlands of New Jersey and is known for its woods, ponds, lakes, and recreational activities. Sussex Turnpike, which runs through the center of Randolph, has a commercial zone with retail shops, restaurants, and other businesses that makeup a town center.

There are several sections in the community including Mount Freedom, Center Grove, Fernbrook, Ironia, and Shongum Lake. Most homes have a Randolph (07869) mailing address. However, some homes have a Mendham (07945) mailing address. Through the 1950s, many farms, large hotels, and bungalows dotted the community. Starting in the 1960s, new home developments became increasingly present. Today, Randolph's housing includes everything from small 1800s farmhouses - to 1950s cape cods - to 4,000+ square foot center hall colonials built in recent decades. Housing developments and neighborhoods include: Alpine Estates, Knights Bridge, Braemar, Wexford Chase, Pleasant Ridge, Heritage Village, College Park, Woodland Ridge, Woodland Hills, Cobblestone Crossing, Joy Estates, Penn Rise, Applewood, India Brook, Oakland Hills, Sharmel Woods, Sunrise Estates, Randolph Ridge, Millbrook Glen, Kings Crossing, Rickland Estates, Yorkshire Estates, Heather Heights, Heather Hills, Mendham Lake Estates, Waterfall Estates, Old Brookside Farms, Randolph Chase, Carrell Estates, Chestnut Hill, Patriots Crossing, Rustic Woods, Oakland Hills, Quail Run, Concord Estates, Foxwood, Rolling Oaks, Timber Ridge, Hilltop Estates, Castle Ridge, Burnett Brook, The Pinnacle, Cromwell Crossing, and the Preserve.

Residents have convenient access to NJ Route 10, which connects to Interstate 287, which runs north-south through Morris County and offers easy connections to major east-west routes including Interstate 80, 280, and NJ Route 24. The train stations in Morris Plains and Morristown are located a few miles to the east.

Randolph has four elementary schools (K-5): Center Grove, Fernbrook, Ironia, and Shongum Elementary School. The Middle School educates children in grades 6-8 and the High School provides instruction for grades 9-12. In addition to the public school system, the main campus of the County College of Morris is located in the Township.

The community is largely based around organized events, including high school sports, senior citizen gatherings, and various group activities. There is a public library, with regularly scheduled reading groups, and other programs. The Brundage Park Playhouse shows plays and musicals with youth and adult performers alike.